Balloon Framing
Balloon framing, framework of a wooden building in which the elements consist of small members nailed together. In balloon framing, the studs (vertical members) extend the full height of the building (usually two stories) from foundation plate to rafter plate, as contrasted with platform framing, in which each floor is framed separately.
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Urban Radial Planning Analysis
Towns with geographical possibility of spreading in all directions on a relatively levelsite have usually tended to grow in a roughly circular form with inner and outer ringroads, linked together by radiating roads emanating from the center. The residential areasin such towns are located around the core, between the ring and radial roads. The coreitself forms the main business area and the early industry is usually mixed up withresidential localities. As the town grows, new ring and radial roads come into existencesimultaneously with peripheral growth.
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Ottobeuren Abbey
There are no doubts that Ottobeuren Abbey have some of the best Baroque and Rococo style interiors worldwide. Though, just a few realise the wealth of symbolic messages in the architecture and embellishments of Basilica - such as the four richly dressed and embellished skeletons.
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Regent Street
Regent Street is one of the first planned developments of London. The desire to impose order on the medieval street pattern of London dates back to the Great Fire of London (1666) when Sir Christopher Wren drew up plans for rebuilding the city on the classical formal model, but that initiative was lost. It was not until 1811 that John Nash drew up plans for broad, architecturally distinguished thoroughfares and public spaces .
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A- Washington, DC
The plan of the city of Washington was designed in 1791 by Pierre L'Enfant, and mapped the following year; a design which remains largely in place. For nearly a century, the realization of physical changes to the original plan were gradual until the second important benchmark in the development of Washington's urban plan: the McMillan Commission and its 1901-02 recommendations. The McMillan Commission plans were implemented predominantly during the first three decades of the 20th century, and continued sporadically thereafter.
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For nearly 100 years, a legal height limit of 160' has preserved the broad, horizontal Baroque nature of the city,
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allowing light and air to reach the pedestrian level, and resulting in a picturesque skyline pierced by steeples, domes, towers and monuments.
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The Great Fire of London broke out in 1666 in Pudding Lane in the city and quickly swept through the wooden buildings. Rebuilding took over ten years and was supervised by Robert Hooke as Surveyor of London. In 1708 Christopher Wren's masterpiece, St Paul's Cathedral was completed. During the Georgian era new districts such as Mayfair were formed in the west; and new bridges over the Thames encouraged development in South London. In the east, the Port of London expanded downstream .
B- London, UK
C- Indianapolis, IN
Indianapolis is the capital and most populous city of the U.S. state of Indiana, and also the county seat of Marion County. As of the 2010 census, the city's population is 820,445. It is the 12th largest city in the United States and the 29th largest metropolitan area in the United States .
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D- Erbil, Iraq
Erbil is an ancient city in northern Iraq, which historically developed around a circular fortified core to form an important commercial, agricultural, and administrative center. In modern times, the city evolved into an extensive settlement with a defined radial and lateral road network supporting built-up areas of varying land use character. However, the city center suffered from stagnation and lack of investment.
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